Mathematical Symbols
List of Mathematics Symbols categorized by fields: ✍️ Algebra: = – Equality ≠ – Not equal ≈ – Approximately equal ± – Plus-minus ∝ – Proportional to ∑ – Summation ∏ – Product √ – Square root ^ – Exponentiation Calculus: d/dx – Derivative ∂/∂x – Partial derivative ∫ – Integral ∬, ∭ – Double, triple integrals dx – Infinitesimal change in x lim – Limit Δx – Finite change in x Linear Algebra: I – Identity matrix T – Transpose (e.g., Aᵀ) det(A) – Determinant of matrix A λ – Eigenvalue v – Eigenvector · – Dot product × – Cross product Set Theory & Logic: ∈ – Element of ∉ – Not an element of ⊆ – Subset ⊂ – Proper subset ∪ – Union ∩ – Intersection ∅ – Empty set ∀ – For all ∃ – There exists ⇒ – Implies ⇔ – If and only if (iff) Number Theory: ℕ – Natural numbers ℤ – Integers ℚ – Rational numbers ℝ – Real numbers ℂ – Complex numbers mod – Modulo | – Divides (e.g., a | b) gcd – Greatest common divisor lcm – Least common multiple Probability & Statistics: P(A) – Probability of event A ...